The Internet :: essays research papers fc

What is the Internet? The question is actually difficult to answer, because the answer is continually changing with time. About a decade ago, the Internet would have been, â€Å"All networks, using the IP protocol, that collaborate to form a seamless network for their collective users.† But more recently the Internet itself consists of thousands of independent networks at academic institutions, military installations, government agencies, commercial enterprises, and other organizations. (Long, 197)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When one gets on the Internet they are exposed to everything the Internet can give them. They can chat with people from all over the world, view the thousands of files, and send electronic mail. The possibilities of the Internet are endless. The Internet was first started as a U.S. Defense Department network called the ARPAnet. The ARPAnet was an experimental network designed to support military research. In particular, research about how to build networks that could withstand partial outages and still function. Say in a nuclear war, if one part of the network was to be disabled, the network would still be operational. (Krol, 11) To send a message across the ARPAnet, a computer only had to put its data in an envelope, called an Internet Protocol packet or IP, and address the packets correctly. The communicating computers –not the network itself-were also given the responsibility to ensure that the communication was accomplished. The philosophy was that every computer on the network could talk, as a peer, with any other computer. (Krol, 11) In 1971, the ARPAnet included more than 20 sites. Ten years later in 1981, more than 200 sites were linked. (Krol 11) After a couple of years passed, ARPAnet had grown so much that they needed to make rules to govern the ever-growing network. The rules were called the standard protocol, and would allow communication between dissimilar computers and networks. As time went on the networks gradually adapted to each other and fused together to form the Internet. And because of this the ARPAnet was no longer needed, and ceased to exist. (Long, 198)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How does the Internet work? The Internet is built around the concept of â€Å"layers of service.† This level consists of wires and hardware, and not always very good wires. Then you add a layer of basic software to shield yourself from the problems of hardware. You add, yet, another layer of software to give the basic software some desirable features. You continue to add functionality and smarts to the network, one layer at a time, until you have something that is useful.

A Memo to the President of the Big Private University

Madam, the recent events that have brought our university within the media’s limelight may possibly give problems to the University, if no immediate action is taken. Allow me to outline the events and the possible NCAA infractions that our university may incur. The University is in the middle of an NCAA-imposed probation. As such, any additional infraction may seriously compromise the university’s status in the NCAA. The following incidents involving our male football team may lead to unwanted additional infractions: a total of 12 student-athletes had grade point averages ranging from 1.60 to 1.75; and Billy Joel, the team’s current quarterback, made an oral agreement on future possible plans with Whitney Houston, a sports agent. Allow me to expound on my point. The fact that five juniors, two sophomores, and five starters on defense have averages from 1.60 to 1.75 goes against the academic standards set my NCAA. The five starters, all of whom were freshmen last year, had averages lower than the NCAA set average of 1.8. The NCAA Backgrounder on Academic Reform clearly states the following: â€Å"Freshmen in college are required to complete 24 hours of course work and have at least a 1.8 grade-point average.† The low GPAs of the other student-athletes may also compromise another rule of the NCAA. The fact that these students have averages ranging from 1.60 to 1.75 may mean that they have failing marks which may greatly affect the completion of their degree requirements. Again, the said backgrounder is univocal: â€Å"Student-athletes entering college are required to complete 40 percent of their degree requirements by the end of their second year, 60 percent by the end of year three, and 80 percent by the end of year four.† I will personally look into this matter and investigate on the completion rates of the degree requirements of these concerned students. Nevertheless I think it is important for your good office to be aware of this potential problem. All in all, this lower than required grade point average of some of our student athletes undermines the NCAA’s set Academic Progress Rate (APR) of 925. Not complying with the APR will mean a contemporaneous penalty for the football team which, in plain language, refers to cuts in financial aids and scholarships granted to individuals in the team. Madam, it is also bothersome that the coaching staff hid these from the school administration. I cannot pinpoint who exactly in the coaching staff is culpable, but once NCAA Division I Committee on Infractions holds its own investigation, the university as an entity might not the only one to be given a sanction; individuals from the coaching staff (and other individuals from related departments) may also be held individually liable and as such, individual sanctions may be imposed against them. The last concern that I think should be brought up to your office is the fact that Billy Joel made an oral agreement with Whitney Houston, a sports agent, as he was threatened by the possibility that Marshall Mathers might take his place as quarterback. Again, NCAA is clear in its memo to directors of athletics dated October 6, 2006, that student athletes are not allowed to have a written or oral agreement with an agent who represents a sports agency. We must bear in mind that even if Joel’s agreement rests on the future possibility of Mathers replacing him, such an oral agreement on future plans is also not allowed: student athletes may not â€Å"agree to be represented by an agent in the future† (NCAA, â€Å"A Career in Professional Athletics: A Guide for Making the Transition,† 2004, p. 26). This also highlights the fact that Mr. Joel did not inform either his coach or his compliance coordinator regarding these matters. These are the NCAA-related concerns that I thought would be best to be brought up to your office. Thank you. References (2006-07). NCAA waiver of initial academic eligibility requirements pursuant to NCAA bylaw 14.3, application instructions. (2006-07). NCAA waiver of initial academic eligibility requirements pursuant to NCAA bylaw 14.3, waiver application. NCAA (2004). A Career in professional athletics: A guide for making the transition. NCAA (2005). NCAA backgrounder on athletic reform. In The online resource for the national collegiate athletic association. Retrieved March 25, 2007, from http://www.ncaa.org/. NCAA (2005).APR questions and answers. In The online resource for the national collegiate athletic association. Retrieved March 25, 2007, from http://www.ncaa.org/. NCAA (2005).Infractions case: Lincoln University. In The online resource for the national collegiate athletic association. Retrieved March 25, 2007, from http://www.ncaa.org/.

Albert Einstein The Greatest Physicist Of The 20th Century

Sam Puritz Ms. Moran English III Honors 18 November 2015 Albert Einstein Everything you know about yourself, your world, and your universe started with one man. Born on March 14, 1879, in Ulm, Wà ¼rttemberg, Germany, Albert Einstein paved the way for our understanding of the universe today through his discoveries and accomplishments in physics. Einstein, the most influential physicist of the 20th century, shaped the way we think about and interpret our universe. Born to a Jewish family, Albert Einstein began his life in an industrial family. His father, Hermann Einstein, and uncle founded the electrical equipment manufacturing company known as Elektrotechnische Fabrik J. Einstein Cie. Einstein had only one sibling, a younger sister named Maja, who was born two years after him (Bio.com). In school, Einstein, who began to learn mathematics at the age of 12 (atomicarchive.com), was underwhelming, and generally didn’t get along well with his teachers. It is thought that the unusual and rare structure of his brain might have contribute d to his extreme intelligence, which has also been contributed to the possibility that he had Asperger’s syndrome (Atomicarchive.com). He was never in tune with the stern teaching style and felt alienated from his peers at an early and later age. However, he found passion in music and the violin that he would carry into his adulthood. In adulthood, Einstein found his first love in a woman by the name of Mileva Maric, a Serbian physics studentShow MoreRelatedThe Physics Of Albert Einstein1284 Words   |  6 PagesRobbie Patio BIO 101 Professor Dartley 4/16/15 Albert Einstein Most people know who Albert Einstein is and how great of a physicist he was, yet many aren’t aware that Albert Einstein had not even finished high school! Most would think that a person who doesn’t complete high school is dumb, and lazy. The fact is, Einstein did not complete high school, not because he was dumb or lazy. At the age of 15, he quit high school because he did not agree with the way the teachers taught. He thought that theRead MoreEssay on Albert Einstein956 Words   |  4 PagesAlbert Einstein Albert Einstein (1879-1955) is believed to be the greatest scientist of the 20th century. He developed many theories that led to many breakthroughs. With his well-known famous look, the white messy hair and the absent-minded look on his face, he was the perfect example of the typical scientist. Einstein became internationally renowned as a leading scientific thinker and as an accomplished mathematician. His contributions to science have left a lasting impression throughout theRead MoreThe View Of The Leaning Process771 Words   |  4 Pagesgrows. Some of the greatest minds are true fundamental to my statement such as Socrates the Greek philosopher and the main source of Western thought; The English physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton, most famous for his law of gravitation, was instrumental in the scientific revolution of the 17th century; Italian scientist and scholar Galileo made pioneering observations that laid the foundation for modern physics and astronomy and ; Albert Einstein was a German-born physicist who developed theRead MoreThe Theory Of Albert Einstein1232 Words   |  5 Pages ¬Ã‚ ¬Albert Einstein Biography Albert Einstein was a German-American theoretical physicist, best known for developing the general theories of relativity. He is largely considered the most influential physicist of the 20th century. Earlier Years Einstein was born on March 14th, 1879, in Ulm, Wurttemberg, Germany, to Herman Einstein, an electrochemical factory manager, and Pauline Koch, a housewife. They were both Ashkenazi Jews, however they did not practice their religion (Whitaker). Einstein hadRead MoreThe History of Physics Essay1534 Words   |  7 Pages3rd century and the 15th century. During this period (most commonly referred to as â€Å"The Middle Ages†), the disciplines that have since grown into what we now know as modern physics were preserved and passed along in many cultures like the Arabic, Indian and Asian cultures. These studies resurfaced in a big way during the 15th century with such famous names as Copernicus, Tycho and Kepler. However, it was a scientist by the last name of Galilei in the late 16th century whoRead MoreProgress Of Technology And Regression Of Childhood1221 Words   |  5 PagesProgress Of Technology And Regression Of Childhood â€Å"I fear the day that technology will surpass our human interaction. The world will have a generation of idiots.† (Albert Einstein). As predicted from one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century, Albert Einstein, the Internet has slowly entered our lives and rapidly took control of our minds. With the introduction of technology devices, such as smart phones and tablets, it seems some people have the necessity to spend their entire lives onlineRead MoreAlbert Einstein : A Hero And A Villain2043 Words   |  9 Pagesmillions of Jewish people making him one of the evilest men in history. On the other hand, we have the brilliant and innovative Albert Einstein one of the greatest minds of the twentieth century. A hero admired by many due to his accomplishments in the field of science. For those reasons, these two influential and unforgettable men will forever be ingrained in our minds. Einstein will be remembered because of his genius inventions while Hitler will be re membered for his atrocious acts. Adolf Hitler wasRead MoreEssay on A Century of Physics3573 Words   |  15 PagesA Century of Physics By the end of the nineteenth century after more than two thousand years of intellectual struggle that began with the Greek philosophers, physical scientists had reason to believe that they were beginning to understand the universe. Their theories of matter and energy, of electricity and magnetism, of heat and sound and light were confirmed in laboratories throughout the world with increasing precision. Experimentation was the method and mathematics the language of aRead MoreThe Subatomic World of Quantum Mechanics 767 Words   |  3 Pagesdont fully understand yet; they are in charge of studying the smallest faces of our world. The idea of quantum mechanics was developed in the 20th century by a German physicist Max Planck who introduced his constant, called Plank ´s Constant (h=6.62606957Ãâ€"10-34 m2 kg/s), which is used to determinate the energy of a photon. When E=hv (v=frequency). Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Paul Dirac and Werner Heisenberg later extended the theory in the 1920s. Trying to explain quantum mechanics is like trying toRead MoreAutobiography of a Yogi: Summary2861 Words   |  12 Pagesfighting swami, a yogi who bilocates and other great saints search for a guru, and his encounters with leading spiritual figures such as Therese Neumann, the Hindu saint Sri Anandamoyi Ma, Mohandas Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore, Nobel Prize winning physicist Sir C. V. Raman, and noted American plant scientist Luther Burbank, to whom it is dedicated. With superb writing skills that match that of a professional writer, Yogananda describes with characteristic humour, his childhood struggles towards attaining

Analysis of a Short Story a Worn Path by Eudora Welty

Analysis of a short story â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty. Lit.1 Characters: Phoenix Jackson : Is the protagonist of the story. She is described in vivid colors, suggesting her lively nature: she wears a red rag in her hair and her skin is described as â€Å"yellow,† â€Å"golden† and â€Å"copper.† Her age is indicated by the way she moves — slowly, in small steps, with the assistance of a cane — and by the wrinkles on her face, which form â€Å"a pattern all its own . . . as though a whole little tree stood in the middle of her forehead.† Because of her frailty, her determination to continue on her journey highlights her resilience and perseverance. Old Phoenix sees the Natchez Trace as an obstacle course, one that she tolerates with a fair†¦show more content†¦Phoenix can hardly walk and uses a cane made of an old umbrella to aid her. Her skin is described as old and wrinkly, but yet with a golden color running beneath it Her skin had a pattern all its own of numberless branching wrinkles and a s though a whole little tree stood in the middle of her forehead, but a golden color ran underneath.. Her skin tone represents the golden feathers of the Phoenix and her grandson represents the Phoenix that will rise from the ashes when she dies. The trip to the city to get the medicine represents the mythological trip that the Phoenix takes to the sun to die. Most likely this journey along a worn path through the woods, will be one of her last. : point of view : The story is told from a third-person limited point of view. This allows the reader to empathize with Phoenix, because her thoughts and actions are shown. Yet, in third-person, the reader is allowed to view Phoenix from a distance, and thereby see her as others see her. Style : Eudora Welty used the common vernacular of southern black people in the early 1900s. The sentences were short but they were easy to understand because my grandparents sometimes use that dialect. One such simile in this story occurs in the description of Phoenix Jackson’s face: â€Å"Her skin had a pattern all its own of numberless branching wrinkles and as though a whole little tree stood in the middle ofShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of A Worn Path1221 Words   |  5 PagesOvercoming Obstacles: A Literary Analysis of â€Å"A Worn Path† Thesis: â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty is one of the best short stories to incorporate different symbolic representations of determination and the will to live. I. Introduction II. Phoenix A. Definition B. Characteristics III. Natural symbolism A. Steep hill B. Thorns of bush IV. Perceived Racism A. Imagined cake B. White hunter V. Arrival in Natchez A. Nurses’ comments BRead MoreA Worn Path: Struggle For Racial Equality Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesA Worn Path: Struggle for Racial Equality In A Worn Path, a short story by Eudora Welty, the main character, an old colored woman named Phoenix, slowly but surely makes her way down a worn path through the woods. Throughout her journey, she runs into many obstacles such as a thorny bush and a hunter. She overcomes these obstacles and continues with her travels. She finally reaches her destination, the doctor’s office, where she gets medicine for her sick grandson back home. Many critics haveRead MoreSymbolic Source In A Worn Path by Eudora Welty1287 Words   |  6 Pagesexample the colors white, red and blue symbolize freedom in the United States, it also represents the United States flag. Symbols are also used in movies like the hunger games catching fire; their symbol is a mocking bird with an arrow on it. A Worn Path is about a long walk through the woods an old lady named Phoenix Jackson has to go through every time her grandson runs out of medicine. A long time ago her grandson swallowed lye that ruined his throat, the medicine is the only thing that relivesRead MoreA Worn Path: Struggle for Racial Equality1550 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Worn Path†: Struggle for Racial Equality In â€Å"A Worn Path†, a short story by Eudora Welty, the main character, an old colored woman named Phoenix, slowly but surely makes her way down a â€Å"worn path† through the woods. Throughout her journey, she runs into many obstacles such as a thorny bush and a hunter. She overcomes these obstacles and continues with her travels. She finally reaches her destination, the doctor’s office, where she gets medicine for her sick grandson back home. Many critics haveRead MoreCharacter Revelation Of A Worn Path Story By Eudora Welty833 Words   |  4 Pages1512021105 Class : 4C Subject: Literature 1 Date : June 5th, 2017 Character Revelation of A Worn Path story by Eudora Welty Character is an imaginative person who plays role in a story. (Kennedy, 1983 in Koesnosoebro, 1988). The role of character is very important. Every story must have its own character, as their function are to play the role in a story. Sometimes, it is easy to interpret how the character is. However, most of the time, it is quite difficult to know aboutRead MoreA Worn Path Analysis1058 Words   |  5 PagesConfrontations and Perseverance: â€Å"A Worn Path† Analysis â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty, published in the Atlantic Monthly during February 1941, portrays an elderly, southern, African American woman’s endurance through a lengthy journey from her home to Natchez, Mississippi to obtain medicine for her ill grandson, who has lye poisoning. Throughout the journey, the protagonist, Phoenix Jackson, confronts several conflicts testing her. The tale describes the encounters of Phoenix Jackson during her travelsRead MoreSymbolism in A Worn Path by Eudora Welty1106 Words   |  5 PagesIn the story â€Å"A Worn Path† uses a continuous number of literary techniques and there is an overflow of symbolism. In the story everything symbolizes an object symbolism is when an object in the story can relate to something. Symbolism is a literary technique that adds meaning to a story by using an event or object as a symbol to represent something else. Phoenix Jackson represents the most important thing in the story the ancient Egypti an bird the Phoenix. The story â€Å"A Worn Path† takes place in DecemberRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of A Worn Path710 Words   |  3 PagesLiterary Analysis of A Worn Path, by Eudora Welty The famous short-story, A Worn Path, has enlightened many readers since it was published in 1941. This story tells the tale of an old woman and her long adventure to town. She experiences many obstacles her journey and people who make her consider giving up, but she keeps her head high and continues on. Welty’s inspiration struck when an elderly woman walked past in the distance on her way through the countryside. â€Å"A Worn Path† is an uplifting taleRead MoreA Worn Path By Eudora Welty944 Words   |  4 Pages In â€Å"A Worn Path,† by Eudora Welty, the reader is taken on Phoenix Jackson’s, the main character’s, journey to the doctor’s office to obtain the medications needed for her ill grandson. Having to commute in such difficult conditions, Phoenix endures through the dense and tiresome woods, stretching from the countryside to the town. After persevering through the long journey to her destination, Phoenix arrives at the building and receives the medication she needs. Welty concludes the story in neglectRead MoreEssay on Symbolic Citations in a Worn Path by Eudora Welty1743 Words   |  7 Pagesthe short story ‘a worn path’ by Eudora Welty she uses symbolism to describe many of the characters and objects that are given in the short story. Symbolism is to use symbols to represent ideas and qualities. In ‘a worn path’ Eudora does so she uses manifolds of characters and objects to express the way the story is being told in her own way. As doing so she helps the reader understand it more sufficiently and to show that what is going on is still happening today. In the short story ‘a worn pass’

Ethical and Bioethical Issues in Medicine Death and Dying

Ethical and Bioethical Issues in Medicine: Death and Dying Ethics, in medicine, is described as applying one’s morals and values to healthcare decisions (Fremgen 2012). It requires a critical-thinking approach that examines important considerations such as fairness for all patients, the impact of the decision on society and the future repercussions of the decision (Fremgen 2012). According to Fremgen (2012), bioethics concerns ethical issues discussed in the perspective of advanced medical technology. Goldman and Schafer (2012) state bioethical issues that arise in medical practice include antibiotics, dialysis, transplantation, intensive care units, issues of genetics, reproductive choices and termination of care. In clinical practice the most common issues revolve around informed consent, termination of life-sustaining treatments, euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, and conflicts of interest (Goldman, Schafer 2012). There are four basic ethical and bioethical principles that have a strong influence in the practice of medicine, predominantly medicine that deals with those who are dying. The first is beneficence, which directs the physician and health care worker to take positive actions, specifically by restoring health and relieving suffering (Bongard et al., 2008). Then there is nonmaleficence. Goldman and Schafer (2012) add that nonmaleficence is the idea that people should not be harmed or injured knowingly. The third ethical principle is autonomy,Show MoreRelatedJudaism s Views On Euthanasia2049 Words   |  9 PagesDeath is one of the most important topics that religions cope with. Since religion deals with matters of life, death, meaning and virtue, it is not shocking that, for countless people, religious convictions are the core reasoning for their outlook on euthanasia. Euthanasia is defined as the mode or act of inducing death painlessly or as a relief for pain. Although there are different components that play a part in a person’s stance on euthanasia, like empathy, suffering, constitutionalRead MoreEthics : Mandated Flu Vaccinations For Healthcare Workers1926 Words   |  8 Pagesethically obligated to be vaccinated, risking not only their employment status, but their own health and personal principles, in pursuit of â€Å"the greater good†. Ethics Most HCWs, physicians and nurses in particular, are held to and abide by the bioethical principles of nonmaleficence and beneficence. Nonmaleficence asserts the duty â€Å"to do no harm†, and beneficence is an action that is done for the benefit of others. Applied to influenza vaccination, these principles suggest that HCWs are obligatedRead MoreThe And The Competent Care2425 Words   |  10 Pagestowards the abuses and neglects in the present world. But the most challenging issue for the elder people is facing the terminal illness. At the same time, terminal illness patients care is also becoming the most challenging aspect for the present health care system and health care providers (Karlsson, 2011). The compassionate and the competent care performed by the generations is wavering, and is getting replaced by ethical values and emerging conflicts (Sullivan, 2005). Based on the mental in competenciesRead MoreEssay Physician-Assisted Suicide and Free Will2459 Words   |  1 0 Pagestopic, which proponents often support by the affirmation of patient free will or as the exercise of patient autonomy. The purpose of this paper is to examine this argument further from an inter-disciplinary approach, regarding PAS from medical, ethical and legal standpoints and to examine the concept of free will from the philosophical discipline. Are these concepts compatible in a meaningful context and can a sound argument be constructed to support PAS on the basis of patient free will? Read MoreMedical Ethics: an Inclusice History2719 Words   |  11 PagesMedical Ethics: An Inclusive History As long as there has been some form of medical treatment in the world, there has been someone who has voiced their ethical viewpoints on the treatment of patients. It is difficult to trace back the very first ethical thinking in medicine, but Islamic and Muslim traditions have left their footprints in Medical and Bioethics since before the medieval and early modern period. The first piece of literature ever dedicated to the field of medical ethics wasRead MoreCare at the end of life2233 Words   |  9 Pagesexperience that may be more painful for the patient, family, and caregivers due to the advances in medical care. New procedures have allowed life to be extended longer than ever before. The question is: has the dying experience improved? This paper will include a review of death and dying from the perspectives of the patient and caregivers. An unfortunate case will be discussed, and the organizational structure, culture, and governance that led to this situation will be reviewed. RecommendationsRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide : An Argument Of Semantics And Hypotheticals3266 Words   |  14 PagesSuicide: An Argument of Semantics and Hypotheticals Physician-assisted suicide is a prominent topic of discussion in the bioethical community. The main concerns of these discussions are the different types of euthanasia involved in physician-assisted suicide, as well as the legality of a physician’s right to aid in the death of a patient, and the patient’s right to choose death over life when there are no active treatments to forgo. The legalization of active physician-assisted suicide would coincideRead MoreHuman Values And The And Science Impact On Our Health, Lives, Society And Environment2049 Words   |  9 PagesBioethics has been used in the last 21 years to describe the investigation and study of ways in which advance in medicine and science impact upon our health, lives, society and environment. Bioethics is concerned with questions about basic human values and the rightness or wrongness of certain developments in life technology and medicine. These days when technology advancement allowed scientist to conduct test which may have â€Å"uncertain† consequences like Cloning. It’s necessary that people shouldRead MoreEssay about Euthanasia2829 Words   |  12 Pagescreating an illusion of control over death, and not acknowledging the thousands of patients murdered inappropriately. This is an interesting and a very controversial issue in today’s society. Euthanasia has negative sides, it can hurt society, and everyone needs to learn more bout it. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The word Euthanasia is Greek in origin. It arrived from the prefix â€Å"eu†, meaning fear, easy, and fortunate and from the word â€Å"thanatos† meaning death. The main idea of Euthanasia is thatRead MoreBio Ethics Essay3296 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿Bioethics is a very diverse and subjective issue in Buddhism that bases its self around fundamental Buddhist laws such as the five precepts, the four Noble Truths and The Noble Eightfold path. Each Buddhist variant approaches bioethics differently based on the variants primary goal, ideals or practices. However all Buddhists views of bioethics are somewhat influenced by the universal goal of Buddhism to become liberated from the constant cycle of reincarnation or samsara. In conjecture with Buddhism

Analysis of life and work of Andy Warhol Essay Example For Students

Analysis of life and work of Andy Warhol Essay The life and work of Andy Warhol has inspired many writers to tell of the artists secrets in published writings. However, Carter Ratcliff accomplishes this feat in a unique fashion, profiling Warhols work in Andy Warhol. A must-read for anybody interested in the origins of American Pop art, Ratcliffs book touches on all aspects of Warhols work. Segmented chronologically, Ratcliff explains the influence and significance of select paintings, as well as sections devoted to Warhols sketches, photographs, movies and notes on the techniques used by the artist. This format, combined with the inclusion of nearly 100 prints of paintings, is effective because a natural theme flows through the chronological ordering of the monograph. Some of the influences are obvious in Warhols work. However, the cumulative effect of the artists attempts is more easily understood through the chronological ordering of the pieces. The chronological ordering helps the reader understand what social or personal beliefs or conflicts the artist was dealing with pertaining to the given time period. For example, Warhol produced many pieces with singular subject matter displayed ultiple times as in his Campbells soup cans, Coca-Cola bottles and dollar signs, possibly just comforting symbols to Warhol as well as the American Pop Culture. Also, Ratcliff leads the reader on a journey through the details, effects and consequences of the work. The author also describes similarities in select Warhol pieces. The development of Warhol as an artist is easily understood using this format, as his work transforms from the playful character of Saturdays Popeye (Figure 1) to the realism of Skull or the political power of the Hammer and Sickle series. Andy Warhol takes a convincing and comprehensive look at the pursuits of the artist, basing observations on a plethora of sources. The information cited in each section is a cumulation of Ratcliffs investigation, interviews with Warhol and references to the writings of other critics. Basing his survey largely in the ideas of others, Ratcliff discovers little original information. Referring to such credible contacts as Robert Rosenblumes description of Julia Warhola , saying that Warhols portrait of his mother breaks through the artists aestheticism to convincing emotion (Figure 2). Art critic Thomas Lawsons notion that Pop art has everything to do with nothing , or Warhols own magazine article, Crazy Golden Slippers , are examples of the type of solid sources that the author utilizes in his work. The majority of Ratcliffs ideas originate elsewhere, however Ratcliff chose to use these many sources to support his own theories, drawing from established and accepted concepts to uphold his statements. The prize of Andy Warhol lies in the inclusion of the authors essay about the artist. Together with the effect of the many large prints, which omprise a majority of the body of the book, the essay enables the reader to learn about the artist and reflect on what may have been his intention for select works. To fully understand a work of art it is helpful to have some background information about the work and the artist. The author does a fantastic job of presenting this type information about the artist and his work. Warhol was obsessed with the idea of stardom, controversial works pertaining to popular culture and the use of images from every day life or symbols of such. Ratcliff, when compared to other writers who investigated Warhol, has an edge on he competition. Ratcliff not only describes the work itself, but also tells of the concept behind the art. Cantz The Last Supper is at best a glorified picture show of the artists work. The artist focuses on one series of paintings rather then on the entire portfolio. Unseen Warhol is an in depth biography of Andy Warhol, not much attention is granted to the actual pieces of art. Ratcliffs Andy Warhol fills the gap left by other writers. .u6c2dcee65c2a6da613b7c4b0a48c2c41 , .u6c2dcee65c2a6da613b7c4b0a48c2c41 .postImageUrl , .u6c2dcee65c2a6da613b7c4b0a48c2c41 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6c2dcee65c2a6da613b7c4b0a48c2c41 , .u6c2dcee65c2a6da613b7c4b0a48c2c41:hover , .u6c2dcee65c2a6da613b7c4b0a48c2c41:visited , .u6c2dcee65c2a6da613b7c4b0a48c2c41:active { border:0!important; } .u6c2dcee65c2a6da613b7c4b0a48c2c41 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6c2dcee65c2a6da613b7c4b0a48c2c41 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6c2dcee65c2a6da613b7c4b0a48c2c41:active , .u6c2dcee65c2a6da613b7c4b0a48c2c41:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6c2dcee65c2a6da613b7c4b0a48c2c41 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6c2dcee65c2a6da613b7c4b0a48c2c41 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6c2dcee65c2a6da613b7c4b0a48c2c41 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6c2dcee65c2a6da613b7c4b0a48c2c41 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6c2dcee65c2a6da613b7c4b0a48c2c41:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6c2dcee65c2a6da613b7c4b0a48c2c41 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6c2dcee65c2a6da613b7c4b0a48c2c41 .u6c2dcee65c2a6da613b7c4b0a48c2c41-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6c2dcee65c2a6da613b7c4b0a48c2c41:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Standardized testing EssayRatcliff delivers a complete analysis of Warhols work by explaining the concepts and ideas surrounding the work in an intensive manner. Ratcliffs thoughts on many of the pieces help to define the actual meaning or ideas of the work in a practical fashion. For example, the use of helium filled mylar, covered with foil in Silver Pillows (Figure 3) served as a way of making his paintings on the wall come to life and float away. Drawing comparisons from the periods of Pre-Pop art, Pop art, and Post-Pop art, Ratcliff attempts to classify Warhols work in Andy Warhol. Commercial art including the title page for In The Bottom of My Garden, album jackets commissioned by RCA, book jackets for New Directions nd Warhols famous I. Miller shoe advertisements became the focus of the Pre-Pop art period, also called the period of Consumerism by Warhol. Shifting to the Pop art period Warhol labels his art as all surface with nothing beneath. The transition to Pop culture from Consumerism may have been influenced by the emptiness in Warhols work. The artist seems to have completed his projects as if he was commissioned to do the work, painting without a sense of feeling. The idea that Warhol only looked at his paintings for their face value is evident in such works as the do-it-yourself images Figure 4) and Campbells soup cans, which appear to be commercial works of art, however they were part of Andys private collection. Warhols Death and Disaster series brought about muddled reviews from the public. The artist may have been equating the empty electric chair (Figure 5) combined with car-crash images to highway death as a form of execution, or he may have been merely trying to portray these symbols of death as strong controversial statements, to raise interest in his work. Death is the common bond that moves us from the Pop era to the Post Pop era. On the third of June in 1968, Warhol was shot several times by Valerie Solinas, founder and sole member of S. C. U. M. (Society for Cutting Up Men). Warhol was pronounced dead on the operating table, however, he was able to fully recover nearly two months later. During this period Andy said everything is such a dream to meI dont know whether or not Im really alive or whether I died. This near death experience must have been Warhols ultimate feeling of emptiness. Emptiness seemed to be a characteristic that carried Warhol into the Post Pop era, as evident by the rtists use of very pale (almost white) pigments to produce the faces of Paul Jenkins and Leo Castelli their respected portraits. Warhol also continues his Death and Disaster series during this period. Warhol created his collective works in an iconic style, which Ratcliff points out throughout the text. The Campbells soup can, dollar signs, and Gold Marilyn express examples of Warhol,s personal iconography of everyday figures that he brought to his work. Ratcliff is unique in mentioning such tools as his blotted ink line or use of symbols to the work of Warhol. Ratcliff does a super job of uniting the wealth of information pertaining to the accomplishments of Warhol, as well as thoroughly explaining monumental works in the artists portfolio. However, Ratcliffs text Andy Warhol is deficient, relating to the fact that there is a lacking of information concerning the artists work in the film industry. The film industry is where Warhol gained his star status. This deficiency may be due to the fact that Andys film works were just in the beginning stages at the time of the texts printing. This is a minor issue considering the enormous mounts of other information regarding Andy Warhols art that is contained in Ratcliffs book. Warhols work is very unique; Andy broke all the rules and made new ones as he went along. Warhol is known as the father of Pop art. Ratcliff captures the essence of Warhol and his paintings, sketches, photography, and movies. Andy Warhol accomplishes the task of revealing some of the mystique behind the artist Andy Warhol as well as his work. Andy Warhol by Carter Ratcliff is a powerful source for anybody interested in the source of American Pop art.

Maquiladoras And The NaftaS Impact Essays - Economy Of Mexico

Maquiladoras And The Nafta'S Impact Introduction In this paper I will discuss the history and practices of the Maquiladora industry. I will discuss its background, its problems, the benefits it offers to United States companies, and the impact the NAFTA has and will have on the industry. In addition, I will make a suggestion on a possible strategy the Maquiladoras can adopt in order to address the challenges brought on by the NAFTA, to ensure it remains a strong force in the future. Background Mexican agricultural workers had been granted temporary work visas allowing them to work in the United States' agricultural industries through a program called the Bracero Program until 1965 when this program was terminated. As a result of this termination, the unemployment rate had exceeded 70% in certain border cities. In May of 1965 the Border Industrialization Program was established as a replacement for the Bracero program. It was later renamed the Maquiladora Program. The program was established by the Mexican government to provide employment for Mexico's rapidly growing population along its border with the United States. This program was utilized to keep Mexicans from entering the United States. The idea was that Mexican workers would be kept on the Mexican side of the border if they were given factory jobs on the Mexican side. The Maquiladora program also wanted to attract foreign manufacturing facilities, technology, and know-how by giving a permanent tax holiday to manufact uring companies that would set up ?twin plants? on the Mexican side of the border. In the beginning of the program, all foreign-owned operations had to be located within a 20-kilometer strip along the US-Mexican border. Since 1972 they can be located anywhere in Mexico. In 1996 there were around 2,500 Maquiladoras ? 35% of them were located in the interior states of Mexico. Last year there were over 3,000 and more and more of these operations are being located outside of the border regions. Each of Mexico's 31 states has at least one Maquiladora. What is a Maquiladora? Maquiladoras, also referred to as ?in bond? or ?twin? plants, are allowed to temporarily import into Mexico (free of tax) machinery, equipment, replacement parts, raw materials, and just about anything that was used in the assembly or manufacture of semi-finished or finished products. Once assembled or manufactured, the Maquila products must be exported unless special permission is obtained to sell a limited amount of output in the Mexican market. When these products are imported back to the United States, import duties are levied on the foreign value-added only. If Maquila products stay in Mexico, the are subject to applicable Mexican duties. The Exploitation of Cheap Labor The largest issue surrounding the Maquiladora industry is the exploitation of cheap labor. The working conditions are often unsafe, workers are not compensated adequately for their labor, attempts to unionize are discouraged; and sexual discrimination and harassment are too common. The conditions in and outside the Maquiladoras are terrible. Workers perform tasks such as welding without protective masks, leather gloves, or goggles (in many instances) and industrial accidents and toxic exposures are common. This, along with malnutrition caused by low salaries, produce skin illnesses, cancer, irregularities in menstruation, abortions, tumors, intoxication and birth of undernourished or disabled babies. Of the employees, many are young girls and women ranging from the ages of 14 to 20. They work 6 days a week in 10-hour shifts. The average weekly salary for a Maquiladora worker is US$35 - $45 even though the average monthly rent for a house with public services such as running water and electricity is around $200 a month. For the most part, Maquiladoras are unorganized. In those that are organized, state-controlled unions represent the workers. Although some companies are unionized on paper, the unions, for the most part, function to reinforce management policies rather than for the benefit of workers. Then there are what are called ?phantom? unions. These unions do not fight for the worker's rights. The workers do not even know them and have never seen their union leaders. When a conflict arises in a factory, management informs the worker that their unions have accept these or those conditions. Not only are they not protected by existing unions, those that attempt